Menene Tazarar Haihuwa? Yadda Ake Yi, Nau’o'i, Hanyoyi, Amfani da Illoli (Cikakken Bayani)

Menene Tazarar Haihuwa? Yadda Ake Yi, Nau’ikan Hanyoyi, Amfani da Illoli

An sabunta: 9 Fabrairu, 2026 • Karantawa: Cikakken bayani (kimanin kalmomi 1000+)

Abubuwan da ke cikin wannan shafi

1. Ma’anar Tazarar Haihuwa
2. Nawa ne Tazarar da ya fi dacewa?
3. Yadda ake yin Tazarar Haihuwa
4. Nau’ikan Hanyoyi: Na Dabi’a da Na Zamani
5. Amfanin Tazarar Haihuwa
6. Illoli da Abubuwan da ya kamata a kula
7. Tambayoyi da Amsoshi (FAQ)
8. References: Domin ci gaba da karatu

Ma’anar Tazarar Haihuwa

Tazarar haihuwa na nufin ba wa haihuwa sarari, wato a samu lokaci tsakanin haihuwar yaro da ƙoƙarin samun ciki na gaba. Manufar ita ce a ba wa jikin uwa damar murmurewa, sannan jariri ya samu kulawa da shayarwa yadda ya kamata. A fannin lafiya, an dade ana jaddada cewa haihuwa kusa-kusa na iya ƙara haɗarin wasu matsaloli ga uwa da jariri.

Mahimmiyar fahimta: Tazarar haihuwa ba yana nufin “daina haihuwa har abada” ba. Yawanci yana nufin jinkirta haihuwa na gaba har sai lokaci ya yi, bisa tsari da shawarar lafiya.

Nawa ne Tazarar da ya fi dacewa?

Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ba da shawarar cewa bayan an haihu, a jira akalla watanni 24 (shekara 2) kafin a yi ƙoƙarin samun ciki na gaba.^[1] Wannan shawara na taimakawa rage haɗarin matsalolin ciki da haihuwa, tare da ba jiki damar farfaɗowa.

UNICEF ma na ƙarfafa tazarar haihuwa, tana bayyana cewa “tazarar da ta fi kyau” ita ce a yi yara shekara 2–3 a tsakaninsu, kuma shayarwa ta musamman (exclusive breastfeeding) na iya taimakawa a watanni na farko a matsayin wata hanya ta dabi’a (tare da sharudda).^[2]

Ka tuna: Mafi dacewa na iya bambanta daga mace zuwa mace. Idan akwai matsalolin lafiya (kamar tiyata, hauhawar jini, anemia, ko haihuwar gaggawa), tuntuɓi likita domin a ba da shawara ta musamman.

Yadda ake yin Tazarar Haihuwa

Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce ma’aurata su yi shiri tare: su yanke shawarar lokacin da suke so su sake samun ciki, sannan su zaɓi hanyar tazarar haihuwa da ta dace. Abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne a yi amfani da hanya daidai kuma a san abin da ake yi.

1. Tattaunawa: Ku zauna ku tsara burinku: kuna son jariri na gaba ya zo yaushe?
2. Shawarar ma’aikacin lafiya: Ziyarci asibiti/PHC domin a dubi lafiya da kuma zaɓen hanya mai dacewa.
3. Zaɓi hanyar da ta dace da rayuwarku: Idan kina yawan mantuwa, dogon lokaci (IUD/implant) na iya fi miki sauƙi.
4. Bin ka’ida: Idan kwaya ce, a sha kullum; idan allura ce, a yi a kan lokaci; idan kalanda ce, a bi lissafi sosai.
5. Bibiya: Idan kin samu matsala ko illoli, kada ki yi shiru; a koma asibiti a duba.

Nau’ikan Hanyoyi: Na Dabi’a da Na Zamani

1) Hanyoyin Dabi’a

Hanyoyin dabi’a su ne hanyoyin da ba sa buƙatar na’ura ko magani. Sun fi buƙatar kula, lissafi, da juriya. Misalai:

• Shayarwa ta musamman (LAM): A watanni 6 na farko, idan ana shayarwa ta musamman (ba ruwa, ba kunu, ba abinci), kuma ba a fara al’ada ba, za ta iya rage yiwuwar ciki—amma idan wani sharadi ya canza, sai a ƙara wata kariya.^[2]
• Hanyar Kalandar Zagayowar Al’ada (Rhythm): Ana lissafa kwanakin da mace ke da yuwuwar ɗaukar ciki, a kauce wa saduwa a waɗannan kwanaki.
• Janye wa kafin inzali (Withdrawal): Namiji ya fitar kafin inzali—amma akwai kuskure, don haka ba a ɗauke ta a matsayin mafi inganci.

2) Hanyoyin Zamani (Contraceptives)

Waɗannan hanyoyi na asibiti ne, ana samun su a cibiyoyin lafiya. Suna da matuƙar tasiri idan an yi daidai. Ga wasu daga ciki:

• Implant (ƙaramin sanda a hannu): CDC ta nuna cewa implant na da ƙananan yiwuwar kuskure a “typical use”.^[3]
• Allura (Injection/Shot): Ana yi kowane watanni 3 (dangane da nau’i), tana aiki ta hanyar hormones.^[3]
• Kwayoyin hana ciki (Pills): Ana sha kullum. Yana da tasiri, amma mantuwa na rage inganci.^[3]
• IUD (na’urar mahaifa): Likita ke saka ta a mahaifa, tana iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo (dangane da nau’i).
• Kwaroron roba (Condom): Yana taimakawa hana ciki kuma na rage haɗarin kamuwa da wasu cututtukan jima’i (STIs) idan an yi amfani da shi daidai.^[3]

Abin lura: Idan burinki shi ne “kariyar ciki + kariya daga STI”, condom ya fi muhimmanci a haɗa shi (duk da wace hanya kike amfani da ita).^[3]

Amfanin Tazarar Haihuwa

Amfani ga Uwa

Lokacin ciki da haihuwa na ɗaukar jiki ƙarfi. Idan aka yi haihuwa kusa-kusa, jiki na iya kasa murmurewa sosai. Tazarar haihuwa na ba uwa lokaci ta dawo da ƙarfi, ta gyara abinci da sinadarai (kamar ƙarfe), ta samu hutu, ta kuma kula da kanta. WHO ta jaddada muhimmancin tazarar akalla watanni 24 bayan haihuwa domin lafiyar uwa da jariri.^[1]

Amfani ga Jariri

Jariri na buƙatar lokaci mai yawa: shayarwa, kulawa, rigakafi, da tarbiyya. Idan aka samu sabon ciki da wuri, wani lokaci shayarwa kan tsaya da wuri, kuma uwa na iya rasa isasshen lokaci wajen kula da jaririn farko. UNICEF ta nuna cewa tazarar yara 2–3 shekaru na taimakawa uwa ta fi ba kowane yaro kulawa, musamman a shayarwa da girma.^[2]

Amfani ga Iyali da Al’umma

Idan aka tsara haihuwa, iyali kan fi iya ɗaukar nauyin abinci, lafiya, makaranta, da sauran buƙatu. Haka kuma, tazarar haihuwa na rage yawan ciki “mai haɗari” (high-risk pregnancies) a wasu wurare, wanda ke taimaka wa tsarin kiwon lafiya gaba ɗaya.^[4]

Illoli da Abubuwan da ya kamata a kula

Yawancin illolin da mutane ke ji ba su da tsanani, kuma suna raguwa da lokaci—amma yana da kyau a san su, sannan a nemi shawara idan sun dame ki. Abubuwan da ake yawan gani (gwargwadon hanya) sun haɗa da: canjin al’ada, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, ko ɗan sauyin nauyi. Idan illoli sun yi yawa ko suka zama abin damuwa, likita na iya sauya miki hanya.

• Kuskure wajen amfani: Mantuwar kwaya ko jinkirin allura na iya jawo ciki ba tare da shiri ba.
• Ba duk hanyoyi ke karewa daga STI ba: Idan akwai buƙatar kariya daga cututtuka, a haɗa condom.^[3]
• Jita-jita game da “hana haihuwa har abada”: Yawancin hanyoyi na zamani (implant, IUD, pills, allura) na wucin gadi ne—ana iya daina su ko cire su idan an shirya samun ciki.

Gargaɗi: Idan kina da zubar jini mai yawa, ciwon ciki mai tsanani, kaikayi ko wari mai tsanani, ko wani abu da ya ba ki tsoro—ki je asibiti nan da nan. Wannan ba maye gurbin shawarar likita ba ne.

Tambayoyi da Amsoshi (FAQ)

1) Menene tazarar haihuwa a takaice?

Tazarar haihuwa ita ce ba wa haihuwa sarari tsakanin jariri da ciki na gaba domin lafiyar uwa da yaro.

2) Nawa ne tazarar da aka fi ba da shawara?

WHO ta ba da shawarar a jira akalla watanni 24 bayan haihuwa kafin a yi ƙoƙarin samun ciki na gaba.^[1]

3) Shayarwa na iya hana ciki?

Shayarwa ta musamman na iya taimakawa a watanni 6 na farko tare da sharudda; idan sharuddan sun sauya, sai a ƙara wata hanyar kariya.^[2]

4) Wace hanya ce ta fi inganci?

Hanyoyi masu dogon lokaci kamar implant na da ƙananan “typical use failure rate” a bayanan CDC, amma mafi dacewa ya danganta da jikinki da rayuwarki.^[3]

5) Ina zan fara?

Ki je cibiyar lafiya (PHC/asibiti) a yi miki shawara, a tantance dacewa, sannan a zaɓi hanyar da ta fi amfanar ki.

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References: Domin ci gaba da karatu

1. World Health Organization (WHO). Report of a WHO technical consultation on birth spacing (shawarar a jira akalla watanni 24 bayan haihuwa).
   https://iris.who.int/bitstreams/de7cfb95-b1c8-4286-aadf-5833fd3cab81/download
2. UNICEF. Key Practice: Spacing between pregnancies (yara 2–3 shekaru a tsakanin su; shayarwa ta musamman na taimakawa a wasu lokuta).
   https://www.unicef.org/uganda/key-practice-spacing-between-pregnancies
3. CDC. Contraception and Birth Control Methods (bayani kan hanyoyi, amfani, da tasiri; implant/shot/pills/condom).
   https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/about/index.html
4. The Challenge Initiative (TCI) / Advocacy Kit (Kaduna). Family Planning / Child Spacing as a maternal health investment (tasiri wajen rage high-risk pregnancies).
   https://tciurbanhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/FP-Child-Spacing-Service-Advocacy-Kit_Kaduna.pdf
5. Mayo Clinic. Family planning: Get the facts about pregnancy spacing (ƙarin bayani kan tazarar ciki).
   https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/family-planning/art-20044072

Disclaimer: Wannan bayani na wayar da kai ne. Ba ya maye gurbin shawarar likita. Idan kina da wata larura ko tambaya ta musamman, tuntubi ma’aikacin lafiya.